Bromocriptine Mesylate
Tablet · Oral
Uses
Bromocriptine mesylate is an ergot derivative indicated for the treatment of: Hyperprolactinemia-associated dysfunction including amenorrhea with or without galactorrhea, infertility, or hypogonadism in adults (1.1) Prolactin-secreting adenomas in adults and pediatric patients 11 years of age and older (1.2). Acromegaly in adults (1.3). Signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease or postencephalitic parkinsonism in adults (1.4). Limitations of Use Avoid use of bromocriptine mesylate for the inhibition or suppression of postpartum physiologic lactation because of the risk of serious adverse reactions (1.1, 5.4) 1.1 Hyperprolactinemia-Associated Dysfunction Bromocriptine mesylate is indicated for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia-associated dysfunction including amenorrhea with or without galactorrhea, infertility or hypogonadism in adults. Limitations of Use Avoid use of bromocriptine mesylate for the inhibition or suppression of postpartum physiologic lactation because of the risk of serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. 1.2 Prolactin-Secreting Adenomas Bromocriptine mesylate is indicated for the treatment of prolactin-secreting adenomas in adults and pediatric patients 11 years of age and older. 1.3 Acromegaly Bromocriptine mesylate is indicated for the treatment of acromegaly in adults. 1.4 Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease or Postencephalitic Parkinsonism Bromocriptine mesylate is indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease or postencephalitic parkinsonism in adults.
Dosage and administration
Before initiating bromocriptine mesylate, evaluate for valvular heart disease, including with an echocardiogram. If valvular disease is detected, do not administer bromocriptine mesylate (2.1). Take bromocriptine mesylate orally with food (2.2) Recommended dosage for hyperprolactinemia-associated dysfunction is 1.25 mg (one-half of a tablet) to 2.5 mg once daily. Increase the dosage up to 2.5 mg once daily every two to seven days within a recommended dosage of 2.5 mg to 15 mg once daily (2.3) Recommended dosage for prolactin-secreting adenomas is 1.25 mg to 2.5 mg once daily. Increase the dosage within a recommended dosage of 2.5 mg to 10 mg once daily (2.4) Recommended dosage for acromegaly is 1.25 to 2.5 mg once at bedtime for 3 days. Increase the dosage 1.25 mg to 2.5 mg once daily every 3 to 7 days up to the maximum recommended dosage is 100 mg/daily (2.5). Recommended starting dosage for idiopathic or postencephalitic Parkinson’s disease is 1.25 mg twice daily. Increase the dosage by 1.25 mg twice daily every 14 to 28 days up to the maximum recommended daily dosage of 100 mg/day (2.6) For dosage modifications for concomitant use of bromocriptine mesylate with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors, see Full Prescribing Information (2.7, 7) 2.1 Recommended Evaluation Before Initiating Bromocriptine Mesylate Before initiating bromocriptine mesylate evaluate for valvular heart disease, including with an echocardiogram. If valvular disease is detected, do not administer bromocriptine mesylate [see Contraindications (4) and Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] . 2.2 Important Administration Instructions Take bromocriptine mesylate orally with food because a high percentage of patients vomited after they received bromocriptine mesylate under fasting conditions. 2.3 Recommended Dosage for Hyperprolactinemia-Associated Dysfunction The recommended starting dosage of bromocriptine mesylate in adults with hyperprolactinemia-associated dysfunction is 1.25 mg (one-half of a tablet) to 2.5 mg once daily. Increase the bromocriptine mesylate dosage up to 2.5 mg once daily every two to seven days as tolerated until an optimal therapeutic response is achieved within a recommended dosage of 2.5 mg to 15 mg once daily. 2.4 Recommended Dosage for Prolactin-Secreting Adenomas The recommended starting dosage of bromocriptine mesylate in adult and pediatric patients 11 years of age and older with prolactin-secreting adenomas is 1.25 mg (one-half of a tablet) to 2.5 mg once daily. Increase the bromocriptine mesylate dosage as tolerated until an optimal therapeutic response is achieved within a recommended dosage of 2.5 mg to 10 mg once daily. In cases where adenectomy is elected for prolactin-secreting adenomas, a course of bromocriptine mesylate therapy may be used to reduce the tumor mass prior to surgery. 2.5 Recommended Dosage for Acromegaly The recommended starting dosage of bromocriptine mesylate in adults for acromegaly is 1.25 mg (one-half of a tablet) to 2.5 mg once at bedtime for 3 days. Increase the dosage 1.25 mg to 2.5 mg once daily every 3 to 7 days, as tolerated, until an optimal therapeutic response is achieved. Reevaluate patients monthly and modify the dosage based on growth hormone levels and clinical response. For adults with acromegaly, the usual optimal therapeutic dosage range varies from 20-30 mg once at bedtime in most patients, and the maximum recommended dosage is 100 mg/daily. After a brief trial with bromocriptine mesylate therapy in adults with acromegaly, if there is no significant reduction in growth hormone levels and no changes in the clinical features of acromegaly consider increasing the dosage or discontinuing bromocriptine mesylate. For patients with acromegaly treated with pituitary irradiation, withdraw bromocriptine mesylate (e.g., for four to eight weeks) on a yearly basis to assess the clinical effects of radiation on the disease process as well as the effects of bromocriptine mesylate therapy. Consider restarting bromocriptine mesylate if signs or symptoms of acromegaly or increases in growth hormone occur. 2.6 Recommended Dosage for Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease or Postencephalitic Parkinson Parkinsonism The recommended starting dosage of bromocriptine mesylate in adults with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease or postencephalitic parkinsonism is 1.25 mg (one-half of a tablet) twice daily. Increase the dosage by 1.25 mg (one half of a tablet) twice daily every 14 to 28 days based on therapeutic response and tolerability, up to the maximum recommended daily dosage of 100 mg/day. For patients receiving concomitant levodopa, maintain the levodopa dosage during bromocriptine mesylate dosage escalation. If the levodopa dosage is decreased, increase the bromocriptine mesylate dosage in increments of 1.25 mg twice daily. 2.7 Dosage Modification for Strong and Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors Avoid concomitant use of bromocriptine mesylate with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. Dosage modifications of bromocriptine mesylate for concomitant use with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors are provided in Table 1 [see Drug Interactions (7)]. Table 1. Dosage Modifications of Bromocriptine Mesylate for Concomitant Use with Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors Starting Dosage Maximum Dosage Hyperprolactinemia-associated dysfunction in adults 1.25 mg once daily (one-half of a tablet) 3.75 mg once daily Prolactin-secreting adenomas in adult and pediatric patients 11 years of age and older 1.25 mg once daily 2.5 mg once daily Acromegaly in adults 1.25 mg once daily 25 mg once daily Idiopathic or postencephalitic parkinsonism in adults 1.25 mg once daily 12.5 mg twice daily
Dosage forms and strengths
Tablets: 2.5 mg of bromocriptine, off-white, round, flat-faced, beveled-edge tablets, debossed “E” above the score and “280” below the score on one side and debossed “2.5” on the other side. Capsules: 5 mg of bromocriptine, hard gelatin capsule size 3 with caramel opaque cap imprinted “102” on the cap and white opaque body, imprinted with “PARLODEL” over “5 mg” on the body. Tablets:2.5 mg of bromocriptine (functionally scored) (3) Capsules: 5 mg of bromocriptine (3)
Contraindications
Bromocriptine mesylate is contraindicated in patients with: History of cardiac valvular disorders or a history of pericardial fibrosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]. History of pleural, pulmonary, or retroperitoneal fibrotic disorders [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Uncontrolled hypertension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. Hypersensitivity to bromocriptine or to any of the excipients of bromocriptine mesylate tablets or capsules or sensitivity to other ergot alkaloids. Bromocriptine mesylate is contraindicated in patients with: History of cardiac valvular disorders or a history of pericardial fibrosis (4, 5.1). History of pleural, pulmonary, or retroperitoneal fibrotic disorders (4, 5.2) Uncontrolled hypertension (4, 5.3) Hypersensitivity to bromocriptine or to any of the excipients of bromocriptine mesylate tablets or capsules or sensitivity to other ergot alkaloids (4).
Warnings and precautions
Cardiac Valvulopathy and Pericardial Fibrosis: During bromocriptine mesylate treatment, monitor for the development of valvulopathy with a cardiac echocardiogram at intervals of 6 to 12 months or as clinically indicated and monitor for chest pain and signs and symptoms of heart failure (if heart failure occurs, exclude valvular fibrosis and pericarditis). Consider additional clinical and diagnostic monitoring at baseline and as necessary during bromocriptine mesylate treatment. Use bromocriptine mesylate in patients treated with other drugs associated with valvulopathy is not recommended. Discontinue bromocriptine mesylate if the patient has a new diagnosis of valvular regurgitation, valvular restriction, valve leaflet thickening, or pericarditis. (5.1) Pleural, Pulmonary and Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: During bromocriptine mesylate treatment monitor for signs and symptoms of progressive fibrosis, (e.g., pleuro-pulmonary disease, renal impairment, ureteral/abdominal vascular obstruction). Consider clinical and diagnostic monitoring for pleural, pulmonary, and retroperitoneal fibrosis at baseline and as necessary during bromocriptine mesylate treatment. If pleural, pericardial, retroperitoneal, or pulmonary fibrosis occur, discontinue bromocriptine mesylate (5.2) Hypotension/Orthostatic Hypotension: Check blood pressure at baseline and during treatment with bromocriptine mesylate and monitor for hypotension. Patients with Parkinson’s disease being treated with bromocriptine mesylate should be monitored for signs and symptoms of orthostatic hypotension (5.3) Risks with Use of Bromocriptine Mesylate for Postpartum Lactation Inhibition or Suppression: Avoid use of bromocriptine mesylate for the inhibition or suppression of physiologic lactation. Use of bromocriptine, another dopamine agonist for this unapproved use has been associated with cases of hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, seizures, and death. (5.4) Impulse Control Disorders and Compulsive Behaviors: Specifically ask patients about the development of new or increased gambling urges, sexual urges, uncontrolled spending, binge or compulsive eating or other urges while being treated with bromocriptine mesylate. Consider dosage reduction or stopping bromocriptine mesylate if a patient develops such urges while taking bromocriptine mesylate. (5.5) Falling Asleep During Activities of Daily Living: If symptoms of daytime sleepiness or episodes of falling asleep occur while taking bromocriptine mesylate, advise patients not to drive or perform dangerous activities. Consider reducing the dosage or stopping bromocriptine mesylate if patients experience somulence or sudden sleep onset (5.6). Visual Impariment in Patients with Prolactin-Secreting Adenomas: Recommend monitoring of visual fields in bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients with macroprolactinoma for an early recognition of secondary field loss due to chiasmal herniation. Bromocriptine mesylate-patients with rapidly progressive visual field loss should be evaluated by a neurosurgeon to help decide on the most appropriate therapy (5.7) Exacerbation of Psychosis in Patients with Severe Psychotic Disorders: Use of bromocriptine mesylate in patients with severe psychotic disorders in not recommended (5.8) 5.1 Cardiac Valvulopathy and Pericardial Fibrosis Before initiating bromocriptine mesylate, perform a cardiovascular evaluation, including with an echocardiogram, to evaluate for valvular disease. Bromocriptine mesylate is contraindicated in the presence of valvular disease or pericardial fibrosis . Bromocriptine mesylate is not recommended in patients treated with other drugs associated with valvulopathy. Following bromocriptine mesylate treatment initiation, monitor for the development of valvulopathy with a cardiac echocardiogram at intervals of 6 to 12 months or as clinically indicated with new onset edema, cardiac murmur, dyspnea, or heart failure. During bromocriptine mesylate treatment, monitor for chest pain and signs and symptoms of heart failure and if heart failure occurs, valvular fibrosis and pericarditis should be excluded. Consider clinical and diagnostic monitoring such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum creatinine measurements, chest-x-ray, and other investigations and cardiac imaging at baseline and as necessary while patients are treated with during bromocriptine mesylate treatment. Discontinue bromocriptine mesylate if the patient has a new diagnosis of valvular regurgitation, valvular restriction, valve leaflet thickening, or pericarditis. Cases of cardiac valvulopathy have occurred in bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients. Pericardial effusions, as well as constrictive pericarditis, have been reported in bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients, particularly those on long-term and high-dosage treatment. 5.2 Pleural, Pulmonary, and Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Bromocriptine mesylate is contraindicated in patients with a history of pleural, pulmonary, or retroperitoneal fibrosis. During Bromocriptine mesylate treatment monitor for signs and symptoms of progressive fibrosis, including: Pleuro-pulmonary disease (e.g., dyspnea, shortness of breath, persistent cough, chest pain). Renal impairment or ureteral/abdominal vascular obstruction (e.g., pain in the loin/flank, lower limb edema, abdominal masses or tenderness that may indicate retroperitoneal fibrosis). Consider clinical and diagnostic monitoring for pleural, pulmonary, and retroperitoneal fibrosis such as with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum creatinine measurements, chest-x-ray, and other investigations at baseline and as necessary during bromocriptine mesylate treatment. If pleural, pericardial, retroperitoneal, or pulmonary fibrosis occur, discontinue bromocriptine mesylate. Pleural and Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients with unexplained pleuropulmonary disorders should be examined thoroughly and discontinuation of bromocriptine mesylate therapy should be considered.
Side effects
The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Cardiac Valvulopathy and Pericardial Fibrosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Pleural, Pulmonary, and Retroperitoneal Fibrosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Hypotension/Orthostatic Hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Risks with Use of Bromocriptine Mesylate for Postpartum Lactation Inhibition or Suppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] Impulse Control Disorders and Compulsive Behaviors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] Falling Asleep During Activities of Daily Living [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)] Visual Impairment in Patients with Prolactin-secreting Adenomas [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)] Exacerbation of Psychosis in Patients with Severe Psychotic Disorders [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)] Risks in Patients with Hereditary Problems of Galactose Intolerance, Severe Lactase Deficiency, or Glucose-Galactose Malabsorption [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] Additional Clinically Significant Adverse Reactions and Risks in Patients with Acromegaly [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10)] Additional Clinically Significant Adverse Reactions and Risks in Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease or Postencephalitic Parkinsonism [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)] Most common adverse reactions: (6.1) Hyperprolactinemia-Associated Dysfunctions and Prolactin-secreting Adenomas: (incidence >5%) are nausea, headache, dizziness, fatigue, lightheadedness, and vomiting. Acromegaly: (incidence >5%) are nausea, constipation, and postural/orthostatic hypotension. Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease or Postencephalitic Parkinsonism: nausea, abnormal involuntary movements, hallucinations, confusion To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at 1-855-204-1431 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch . 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adverse Reactions in Studies of Patients with Hyperprolactinemia-Associated Dysfunctions and Prolactin-secreting Adenomas Bromocriptine mesylate therapy was discontinued in approximately 5% of patients with hyperprolactinemia-associated dysfunctions. The most common adverse reactions in bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients with hyperprolactinemia-associated dysfunctions were nausea (49%), headache (19%), dizziness (17%), fatigue (7%), lightheadedness (5%), vomiting (5%), abdominal cramps (4%), nasal congestion (3%), constipation (3%), diarrhea (3%) and drowsiness (3%). A few cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea have been reported in bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients with large prolactinomas who have received previous transsphenoidal surgery, pituitary radiation, or both. Adverse Reactions in Studies of Patients with Acromegaly The most frequent adverse reactions in bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients with acromegaly were nausea (18%), constipation (14%), postural/orthostatic hypotension (6%), anorexia (4%), dry mouth/nasal stuffiness (4%), indigestion/dyspepsia (4%), digital vasospasm (3%), drowsiness/tiredness (3%) and vomiting (2%). Adverse reactions that occurred in less than 2% of bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients with acromegaly were gastrointestinal bleeding, dizziness, exacerbation of Raynaud’s syndrome, headache, and syncope. Adverse reactions that occured in less than 1% of bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients with acromegaly were hair loss, alcohol potentiation, faintness, lightheadedness, arrhythmia, ventricular tachycardia, decreased sleep requirement, visual hallucinations, lassitude, shortness of breath, bradycardia, vertigo, paresthesia, sluggishness, vasovagal attack, delusional psychosis, paranoia, insomnia, heavy headedness, reduced tolerance to cold, tingling of ears, facial pallor, and muscle cramps. Adverse Reactions in Studies of Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease or Postencephalitic Parkinsonism In clinical trials in bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease or postencephalitic parkinsonism where patients had a reduction in the levodopa/carbidopa dosage, the most common adverse reactions were nausea, abnormal involuntary movements, hallucinations, confusion, “on-off’’ phenomenon, dizziness, drowsiness, faintness/fainting, vomiting, asthenia, abdominal discomfort, visual disturbance, ataxia, insomnia, depression, hypotension, shortness of breath, constipation, and vertigo. Less common adverse reactions in bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease or postencephalitic parkinsonismwere anorexia, anxiety, blepharospasm, dry mouth, dysphagia, edema of the feet and ankles, erythromelalgia, epileptiform seizure, fatigue, headache, lethargy, mottling of skin, nasal stuffiness, nervousness, nightmares, paresthesia, skin rash, urinary frequency, urinary incontinence, urinary retention, and rarely, signs and symptoms of ergotism such as tingling of fingers, cold feet, numbness, muscle cramps of feet and legs or exacerbation of Raynaud’s syndrome. Abnormalities in laboratory tests in bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients with idiopathic or postencephalitic Parkinson’s disease may include elevations in blood urea nitrogen, ALT, AST, GGPT, CPK, alkaline phosphatase and uric acid, which are usually transient. Additional Adverse Reactions in Clinical Studies of Bromocriptine Mesylate During clinical trials, dizziness, drowsiness, faintness, fainting, and syncope have been reported early in the course of bromocriptine mesylate therapy. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of bromocriptine mesylate.
Drug interactions
Alcohol Alcohol may potentiate bromocriptine mesylate-associated adverse reactions. Dopamine Antagonists The concomitant use of bromocriptine mesylate with dopamine antagonists resulted in a decreased efficacy of bromocriptine mesylate. Strong and Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors Avoid concomitant use of bromocriptine mesylate with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. Follow the recommended bromocriptine mesylate dosage modifications during concomitant use with moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors [see Dosage and Administration (2.7)]. Bromocriptine is a substrate of CYP3A4 [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] . Concomitant use with strong and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors increases bromocriptine exposure [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)], which may increase the risk of bromocriptine mesylate-associated adverse reactions. Ergot Alkaloids Concomitant use of bromocriptine mesylate with other ergot alkaloids is not recommended. If use is unavoidable, dosage reduction may be necessary in those cases where high dosages of bromocriptine mesylate are being used (such as patients with Parkinson’s disease). Alcohol: Alcohol may potentiate bromocriptine mesylate adverse reactions (7). Dopamine Antagonists: Concomitant use of bromocriptine mesylate with dopamine antagonists: decreased efficacy of bromocriptine mesylate (7). Strong and Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Avoid concomitant use of bromocriptine mesylate with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors . Dosage modifications are recommended for bromocriptine mesylate when used with a concomitant moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor (7). Ergot Alkaloids: Concomitant use of bromocriptine mesylate with other ergot alkaloids is not recommended. If use is unavoidable, dosage reduction may be needed where high bromocriptine mesylate dosages are used (7).
Use in specific populations
Pregnancy: See the Full Prescribing Information regarding the recommendations for using bromocriptine mesylate during pregnancy (8.1) Lactation: Avoid the use of bromocriptine mesylate during lactation in postpartum females.(8.2). Females of Reproductive Potential: A pregnancy test is recommended in bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients at least every 4 weeks during the amenorrheic period. Advise females of reproductive potential not seeking pregnancy, or those harboring large adenomas, to use appropriate contraceptive measures during bromocriptine mesylate treatment (8.3). 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Pregnancy in Patients with Hyperprolactinemia-Associated Dysfunction and Prolactin-Secreting Adenomas: In patients being treated with bromocriptine mesylate for hyperprolactinemia, bromocriptine mesylate should generally be withdrawn when pregnancy is diagnosed. If bromocriptine mesylate is continued or reinstituted in select patients to manage a prolactin-secreting macroadenoma and a patient experiences a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, the benefit of continuing bromocriptine mesylate should be weighed against the possible risk of its use during a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Pregnancy in Patients with Acromegaly : In patients being treated with bromocriptine mesylate for acromegaly who subsequently become pregnant, a decision should be made as to whether bromocriptine mesylate continues to be medically necessary or can be withdrawn. Bromocriptine mesylate should be withdrawn in those who experience hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (including eclampsia, preeclampsia, or pregnancy-induced hypertension) unless bromocriptine mesylate use is necessary. Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease or Postencephalitic Parkinsonism: In patients being treated with bromocriptine mesylate for idiopathic Parkinson’s disease or postencephalitic parkinsonism, there are no adequate data on the developmental risk associated with the use of the bromocriptine mesylate in pregnant women. If the decision is made to discontinue bromocriptine mesylate, adverse reactions associated with rapid dosage reduction or withdrawal should be considered [see Warnings and Precatutions (5.11)]. Risk of Major Birth Defects and Miscarriage: The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in patients with hyperprolactinemia-associated dysfunctions, prolactin-secreting ademonas, acromegaly, or idiopathic Parkinson’s disease or postencephalitic parkinsonism is unknown. All pregnancies have a risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. The incidence of birth defects in 1,109 live births was 3.3% in neonates/infants born to mothers who received bromocriptine mesylate during pregnancy (see Data) . Clinical Considerations Maternal Adverse Reactions: Bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients should be monitored closely throughout pregnancy for signs and symptoms that may signal the enlargement of a previously undetected or existing prolactin-secreting tumor. Discontinuation of bromocriptine mesylate treatment in patients with known macroadenomas has been associated with rapid regrowth of tumor and increase in serum prolactin in most cases. Prolactin-secreting adenomas may expand and compression of the optic or other cranial nerves may occur, emergency pituitary surgery becoming necessary. In most cases, the compression resolves following delivery. Reinitiation of bromocriptine mesylate treatment has been reported to produce improvement in the visual fields of patients in whom nerve compression has occurred during pregnancy. Postpartum Period: Avoid use of bromocriptine mesylate for the inhibition or suppression of postpartum physiologic lactation because of the risk of serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] . Bromocriptine mesylate should not be used during the postpartum period in women with a history of coronary artery disease and other severe cardiovascular conditions unless bromocriptine mesylate use is necessary. Symptomatic hypotension can occur in bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients. In postpartum studies, decreases in supine systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure of greater than 20 mm and 10 mm Hg, respectively, were observed in almost 30% of bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients. On occasion, the drop in supine SBP was as much as 50-59 mm of Hg. Data Human Data : The following information is based on 1,276 pregnancies in bromocriptine mesylate-treated females. In the majority of cases, bromocriptine mesylate was discontinued within 8 weeks into pregnancy (mean 29 days), however, eight patients received the bromocriptine mesylate continuously throughout pregnancy. The mean bromocriptine mesylate dosage for pregnant patients was 6 mg (range 1-40 mg) per day. Of these 1,276 pregnancies, there were 1,088 full-term deliveries (4 stillborn), 145 spontaneous abortions (11%), and 28 induced abortions (2%). Moreover, 12 extrauterinegravidities and 3 hydatidiform moles (twice in the same patient) caused early termination of pregnancy. These data compare favorably with the abortion rate (11% -25%) cited for pregnancies induced by clomiphene citrate, menopausal gonadotropin, and chorionic gonadotropin. There is no evidence that bromocriptine mesylate contributed to the type or incidence of birth defects in these infants. Animal Data: Administration of 10-30 mg/kg of bromocriptine to rats (two strains) on days 6 to 15 postcoitum as well as a single bromocriptine dose of 10 mg/kg on day 5 postcoitum interfered with implantation. Administration of 3 mg/kg of bromocriptine on days 6 to 15 were without effect on nidation, and did not produce any anomalies in the rats.
Pregnancy
8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary Pregnancy in Patients with Hyperprolactinemia-Associated Dysfunction and Prolactin-Secreting Adenomas: In patients being treated with bromocriptine mesylate for hyperprolactinemia, bromocriptine mesylate should generally be withdrawn when pregnancy is diagnosed. If bromocriptine mesylate is continued or reinstituted in select patients to manage a prolactin-secreting macroadenoma and a patient experiences a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, the benefit of continuing bromocriptine mesylate should be weighed against the possible risk of its use during a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Pregnancy in Patients with Acromegaly : In patients being treated with bromocriptine mesylate for acromegaly who subsequently become pregnant, a decision should be made as to whether bromocriptine mesylate continues to be medically necessary or can be withdrawn. Bromocriptine mesylate should be withdrawn in those who experience hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (including eclampsia, preeclampsia, or pregnancy-induced hypertension) unless bromocriptine mesylate use is necessary. Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease or Postencephalitic Parkinsonism: In patients being treated with bromocriptine mesylate for idiopathic Parkinson’s disease or postencephalitic parkinsonism, there are no adequate data on the developmental risk associated with the use of the bromocriptine mesylate in pregnant women. If the decision is made to discontinue bromocriptine mesylate, adverse reactions associated with rapid dosage reduction or withdrawal should be considered [see Warnings and Precatutions (5.11)]. Risk of Major Birth Defects and Miscarriage: The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in patients with hyperprolactinemia-associated dysfunctions, prolactin-secreting ademonas, acromegaly, or idiopathic Parkinson’s disease or postencephalitic parkinsonism is unknown. All pregnancies have a risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. The incidence of birth defects in 1,109 live births was 3.3% in neonates/infants born to mothers who received bromocriptine mesylate during pregnancy (see Data) . Clinical Considerations Maternal Adverse Reactions: Bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients should be monitored closely throughout pregnancy for signs and symptoms that may signal the enlargement of a previously undetected or existing prolactin-secreting tumor. Discontinuation of bromocriptine mesylate treatment in patients with known macroadenomas has been associated with rapid regrowth of tumor and increase in serum prolactin in most cases. Prolactin-secreting adenomas may expand and compression of the optic or other cranial nerves may occur, emergency pituitary surgery becoming necessary. In most cases, the compression resolves following delivery. Reinitiation of bromocriptine mesylate treatment has been reported to produce improvement in the visual fields of patients in whom nerve compression has occurred during pregnancy. Postpartum Period: Avoid use of bromocriptine mesylate for the inhibition or suppression of postpartum physiologic lactation because of the risk of serious adverse reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)] . Bromocriptine mesylate should not be used during the postpartum period in women with a history of coronary artery disease and other severe cardiovascular conditions unless bromocriptine mesylate use is necessary. Symptomatic hypotension can occur in bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients. In postpartum studies, decreases in supine systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure of greater than 20 mm and 10 mm Hg, respectively, were observed in almost 30% of bromocriptine mesylate-treated patients. On occasion, the drop in supine SBP was as much as 50-59 mm of Hg. Data Human Data : The following information is based on 1,276 pregnancies in bromocriptine mesylate-treated females. In the majority of cases, bromocriptine mesylate was discontinued within 8 weeks into pregnancy (mean 29 days), however, eight patients received the bromocriptine mesylate continuously throughout pregnancy. The mean bromocriptine mesylate dosage for pregnant patients was 6 mg (range 1-40 mg) per day. Of these 1,276 pregnancies, there were 1,088 full-term deliveries (4 stillborn), 145 spontaneous abortions (11%), and 28 induced abortions (2%). Moreover, 12 extrauterinegravidities and 3 hydatidiform moles (twice in the same patient) caused early termination of pregnancy. These data compare favorably with the abortion rate (11% -25%) cited for pregnancies induced by clomiphene citrate, menopausal gonadotropin, and chorionic gonadotropin. There is no evidence that bromocriptine mesylate contributed to the type or incidence of birth defects in these infants. Animal Data: Administration of 10-30 mg/kg of bromocriptine to rats (two strains) on days 6 to 15 postcoitum as well as a single bromocriptine dose of 10 mg/kg on day 5 postcoitum interfered with implantation. Administration of 3 mg/kg of bromocriptine on days 6 to 15 were without effect on nidation, and did not produce any anomalies in the rats. Rats treated with 30 mg/kg of bromocriptine from day 8-15 postcoitum (i.e., after implantation) produced increased prenatal mortality with increased incidence of embryonic resorption. One anomaly, aplasia of spinal vertebrae and ribs, was found in the group of 262 fetuses derived from the dams. No fetotoxic effects were found in offspring of dams treated with bromocriptine during the peri-or postnatal period. Two studies were conducted in rabbits (two strains) to determine the potential of bromocriptine to interfere with nidation. Bromocriptine dose levels of 100 or 300 mg/kg/day from day 1 to day 6 postcoitum did not adversely affect nidation.
Pediatric use
8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of bromocriptine mesylate have been established for the treatment of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas in pediatric patients 11 years of age and older. Use of bromocriptine mesylate for this indication is supported by evidence from adequate and well-controlled trials of bromocriptine mesylate in adults with hyerprolactinemia-associated dysfunction, with additional data in 14 bromocriptine mesylate-treated pediatric patients 11 to 15 years of age with prolactin-secreting pituitary macro-and microadenomas. Chronic hypopituitarism complicated macroadenoma treatment in 5 of the responders, in patients treated with bromocriptine mesylate alone and in those treated with bromocriptine mesylate in combination with surgical treatment and/or pituitary irradiation. The safety and effectiveness of bromocriptine mesylate have not been established for the treatment of prolactin-secreting adenomas in pediatric patients less than 11 years of age. The safety and effectiveness of bromocriptine mesylate have not been established in pediatric patients for the treatment of hyperprolactiniemia-associated dysfunction, acromegaly, or idiopathic Parkinson’s disease or postencephalitic parkinsonism.
Geriatric use
8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of bromocriptine mesylate did not include sufficient numbers of patients 65 years of age and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger adult patients.
Overdosage
The most commonly reported signs and symptoms associated with acute bromocriptine mesylate overdose are nausea, vomiting, constipation, diaphoresis, dizziness, pallor, severe hypotension, malaise, confusion, lethargy, drowsiness, delusions, hallucinations, and repetitive yawning. Overdose signs and symptoms from isolated reports of children who accidentally ingested bromocriptine mesylate included vomiting, somnolence and fever. The children recovered either spontaneously within a few hours or after appropriate management. If an overdose occurs, consider contacting the Poison Help line (1-800-222-1222) or a medical toxicologist for overdose management recommendations.
Description
Bromocriptine mesylate is an ergot derivative with potent dopamine receptor agonist activity. Bromocriptine mesylate is chemically designated as Ergotaman-3′, 6′, 18-trione, 2-bromo-12′hydroxy-2′-(1-methylethyl)-5′-(2-methylpropyl)-, (5′α)-monomethanesulfonate (salt). The structural formula is: Complies with USP dissolution test 1. Bromocriptine mesylate tablets and Bromocriptine mesylate capsules are for oral administration. Bromocriptine mesylate tablets: Each tablet contains 2.5 mg of bromocriptine (equivalent to 2.87 mg of bromocriptine mesylate) and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, lactose monohydrate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)], magnesium stearate, maleic acid, povidone and corn starch. Bromocriptine mesylate capsules: Each capsule contains 5 mg of bromocriptine (equivalent to 5.74 mg of bromocriptine mesylate) and the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, lactose monohydrate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9)] , magnesium stearate, and maleic acid. The hard gelatin capsule contains gelatin, iron oxide red, titanium dioxide and purified water. The imprinting ink contains black iron oxide, butyl alcohol, dehydrated alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol and shellac. structure
Mechanism of action
12.1 Mechanism of Action Bromocriptine mesylate contains bromocriptine, an ergot derivative and dopamine receptor agonist, which activates post-synaptic dopamine receptors. Dopaminergic neurons in the tuberoinfundibular process release dopamine that modulates the secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary; in the corpus striatum the dopaminergic neurons are involved in the control of motor function. Bromocriptine induces stereotyped behavior in rodents and turning behavior in rats (e.g., rats move in circles) that have unilateral lesions in the substantia nigra. These actions, characteristic of those produced by dopamine, are inhibited by dopamine antagonists and suggest a direct action of bromocriptine on striatal dopamine receptors. Bromocriptine inhibits the secretion of prolactin in humans, with little or no effect on other pituitary hormones, except in patients with acromegaly, where bromocriptine lowers elevated blood levels of growth hormone in the majority of patients. Bromocriptine produces its therapeutic effect in the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease or postencephalitic parkinsonism, a clinical condition characterized by a progressive deficiency in dopamine synthesis in the substantia nigra, by directly stimulating the dopamine receptors in the corpus striatum.
How supplied
Bromocriptine Mesylate Tablets, USP 2.5 mg Tablets contain 2.5 mg of bromocriptine and are off-white, round, flat-faced, beveled-edge tablets, debossed “E” above the score and “280” below the score on one side and debossed “2.5” on the other side. Bottles of 30 ……….NDC 70954-978-10 Bottles of 100………NDC 70954-978-20 Bromocriptine Mesylate Capsules, USP 5 mg Bottles of 30……..…NDC 70954-951-10 Bottles of 100………NDC 70954-951-20 Store and Dispense Store at 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C); excursions permitted to 59°F to 86°F (15°C to 30°C) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Protect from light. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container.
Patient information
Fibrotic Conditions There is a risk of cardiac valvulopathy, and pericardial, pleural, pulmonary, and retroperitoneal fibrosis with bromocriptine mesylate treatment Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they develop shortness of breath, chest pain, persistent cough, difficulty with breathing when lying down, or swelling in their extremities [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1, 5.2)]. Hypotension/Hypotension Warn patients about the risk of hypotension and orthostatic hypotension and instruct patients to rise slowly from a supine or sitting position. Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they develop dizziness or lightheadedness [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. Impulse Control Disorders and Compulsive Behaviors Patients and their caregivers should be alerted to the possibility that patients may experience intense urges to spend money uncontrollably, intense urges to gamble, increased sexual urges, and other intense urges and the inability to control these urges while taking bromocriptine mesylate. Advise patients and their caregivers to inform their health care provider if they develop new or increased uncontrolled spending, gambling urges, sexual urges, or other urges while being treated with bromocriptine mesylate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)]. Falling Asleep During Activities of Daily Living Advise patients of the risk of falling asleep while engaged in activities of daily living, including the operation of motor vehicles while taking bromocriptine mesylate. Ask patients about factors that may increase the risk for somnolence with dopaminergic therapy, such as concomitant sedating drugs or the presence of a sleep disorder. If symptoms of somnolence or sudden sleep onset occur, advise patients not to drive or perform potentially dangerous activities while taking bromocriptine mesylate [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6)]. Visual Impairment in Patients with Prolactin-secreting Adenomas Advise patients that bromocriptine mesylate treatment of a macroprolactinoma may lead to visual impairment.If patients experience visual impairment, they should seek immediate medical attention [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)] . Withdrawal Adverse Reactions After Rapid Dosage Reduction or Discontinuation in Patients with Patients with Idiopathic or Postencephalitic Parkinson’s Disease or Acromegaly Advise patients with with idiopathic or postencephalitic Parkinson’s disease or acromegaly to contact their health care provider if they wish to discontinue bromocriptine mesylate or decrease the bromocriptine mesylate dosage because suddenly stopping bromocriptine mesylate can lead to withdrawal symptoms such as fever, muscular rigidity, altered consciousness, apathy, anxiety, depression, fatigue, insomnia, sweating, or pain [see Warnings and Precautions (5.11)] . Pregnancy Advise patients to notify their health care provider if they suspect they are pregnant, become pregnant, or intend to become pregnant during bromocriptine mesylate therapy. A pregnancy test should be done if there is any suspicion of pregnancy and continuation of bromocriptine mesylate treatment should be discussed with their health care provider [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. Manufactured by: Esjay Pharma Private Limited, India Distributed by: ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Baudette, MN 56623 P3374/01/25 Rev. 07/2026 logo
Label text from the FDA structured product label by ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (revised Jul 27, 2026). Long sections are shortened; the complete label is on DailyMed.
Active ingredients
- Bromocriptine Mesylate in 9 products
Bromocriptine Mesylate NDC products (9)
| NDC | Strength & form | Labeler | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0378-7096 | Bromocriptine Mesylate 5 mg/1 Capsule | Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. | ANDA |
| 0574-0106 | Bromocriptine Mesylate 2.5 mg/1 Tablet | Padagis US LLC | ANDA |
| 70518-4628 | Bromocriptine Mesylate 2.5 mg/1 Tablet | REMEDYREPACK INC. | ANDA |
| 0781-5325 | Bromocriptine Mesylate 2.5 mg/1 Tablet | Sandoz Inc | ANDA |
| 65841-654 | Bromocriptine Mesylate 5 mg/1 Capsule | Zydus Lifesciences Limited | ANDA |
| 68382-110 | Bromocriptine Mesylate 5 mg/1 Capsule | Zydus Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. | ANDA |
| 60687-931 | Bromocriptine Mesylate 2.5 mg/1 Tablet | American Health Packaging | NDA |
| 70954-951 | Bromocriptine Mesylate 5 mg/1 Capsule | ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | NDA |
| 70954-978 | Bromocriptine Mesylate 2.5 mg/1 Tablet | ANI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | NDA |
Bromocriptine Mesylate recalls
- D-0159-2026 Nov 26, 2025 · Class II · Ongoing
Failed Impurities/Degradation Specifications: Out of Specification (OOS) result reported for 2- Bromoergine impurity of Bromocriptine Mesylate Capsules. - D-1491-2016 Sep 14, 2016 · Class II · Terminated
Failed impurities/degradation specifications: Out of specification results noticed in related substance test during analysis of 24 months long term (25 degree Celsius /65% RH) stability samples of two batches.
Frequently asked questions
What is Bromocriptine Mesylate used for?
Bromocriptine mesylate is an ergot derivative indicated for the treatment of: Hyperprolactinemia-associated dysfunction including amenorrhea with or without galactorrhea, infertility, or hypogonadism in adults (1.1) Prolactin-secreting adenomas in adults and pediatric patients 11 years of age and older (1.2). Acromegaly in adults (1.3). Signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease or…
What are the side effects of Bromocriptine Mesylate?
The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: Cardiac Valvulopathy and Pericardial Fibrosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)] Pleural, Pulmonary, and Retroperitoneal Fibrosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)] Hypotension/Orthostatic Hypotension [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)] Risks with Use of Bromocriptine Mesylate for Postpartum… See the full label for the complete list.
Who makes Bromocriptine Mesylate?
Bromocriptine Mesylate is listed by 8 labelers in the FDA NDC directory, including Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc., Padagis US LLC, REMEDYREPACK INC., Sandoz Inc.
Has Bromocriptine Mesylate been recalled?
The FDA enforcement database lists 2 recalls for Bromocriptine Mesylate, most recently D-0159-2026 (class ii): Failed Impurities/Degradation Specifications: Out of Specification (OOS) result reported for 2- Bromoergine impurity of Bromocriptine Mesylate Capsules.